Parathyroid hormone receptors

The parathyroid hormone peptide subfamily includes PTH, PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), and tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39, also known as PTH2). These hormones are encoded in separate genes but their mature peptides share significant sequence homology within the first 34 amino acids. In humans, PTH is highly expressed and is secreted by the parathyroid gland, with lower levels also detected in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thymus.  Parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptors are a group of Gs-protein-coupled receptors, currently divided into two subtypes: PTH1 and PTH2. Each subtype has a distinct distribution and mediates different biological actions. PTH1 is ubiquitously expressed, but is found at particularly high levels in skeletal muscle and the kidneys.  The PTH2 receptor has about 50% sequence identity with the PTH1 receptor and is most abundant in brain and testes.

Further reading

Cheloha et al (2015) PTH receptor-1 signalling-mechanistic insights and therapeutic prospects. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 11(12) 712 PMID: 26303600

On et al (2015) Evolution of Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Family and Their Ligands in Vertebrate.  Front. Endocrinol. 6 28 PMID: 25806022

Bisello et al (2019). Parathyroid hormone receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE, 2019(4) https://doi.org/10.2218/gtopdb/F53/2019.4