Enzyme linked receptors

Enzyme linked receptors, also known as catalytic receptors, are a group of multi-subunit transmembrane proteins that contain either intrinsic enzyme activity on their intracellular domain or associate directly with an intracellular enzyme. Upon ligand binding a conformational change is transmitted via a transmembrane helix which activates the enzyme, initiating signaling cascades.  There are five main types of enzyme-linked receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), which contain intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, receptor serine/threonine kinases, which contain intrinsic serine/threonine kinase activity, receptor guanylyl cyclases, which contain intrinsic cyclase activity, tyrosine-kinase associated receptors, which are receptors that associate with proteins that have tyrosine kinase activity, and receptor tyrosine phosphatases.  

Enzyme-linked receptors are the receptors for many growth factors, cytokines and hormones and have a major role in regulation of cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases are responsible for a wide array of diseases, including cancers, neurodegeneration, achondroplasia and atherosclerosis.

Alberts et al. Molecular (2002) Signaling through Enzyme-Linked Cell-Surface Receptors. Biology of the Cell, 4th edition. New York: Garland Science ISBN-10: 0-8153-3218-1

Alexander et al (2007) Catalytic Receptors. Br J Pharmacol.150(Suppl 1) S122 PMC3315632

Alexander et al (2019) THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Catalytic receptors. Br. J. Pharmacol, 176 S247 PMID: 31710716